Introduction
A hardware wallet isolates private keys from internet-connected devices. Ledger devices store cryptographic secrets inside a tamper-resistant secure element, making it difficult for remote attackers to extract keys. This page outlines features, common protections and sensible habits — written for clarity, not as legal or financial advice.
Why choose a hardware wallet?
Hardware wallets reduce the attack surface by keeping signing operations offline. When you approve a transaction on the device itself, the private key never leaves the secure hardware. Compared with software wallets or exchange custody, hardware wallets give users direct control over keys and private seed phrases.
Key features
- Offline key storage: Keys remain inside the secure element and never expose private material to the web.
- PIN protection: A local PIN code thwarts casual physical access and brute-force delays are enforced.
- Recovery seed: A human-readable recovery phrase enables backup — keep it offline and private.
- Open integrations: Works with wallets and apps while keeping signing gated to the device.
How Ledger protects your keys
The device uses a mix of secure hardware, tamper-resistant components and a firmware chain of trust. Device confirmations require physical button presses, which prevents remote apps from silently signing transactions. While no single product is perfect, hardware wallets are a strong defensive layer when used correctly.
Everyday best practices
Buy from authorized channels, verify package seals, never enter your recovery phrase into a computer or phone, and treat your recovery phrase as the highest-value secret. Use a dedicated PIN and enable passphrase options if you need additional account separation. Keep firmware up to date by following official release notes.
Short setup note (non-sensitive)
Initial setup typically generates a recovery phrase and sets a PIN. The device will show seed words on the screen, and you should write them down on paper or metal backup. Do not photograph or store them in cloud-synced notes.
Limitations & transparency
Hardware wallets reduce many risks but do not eliminate all threats. Physical loss, social engineering, supply-chain tampering and user mistakes remain meaningful risks. Consider multi-signature setups or additional custodial strategies for large holdings.
This page intentionally omits step-by-step recovery disclosures and instructions that could be misused. For device-specific support, consult official Ledger documentation and verified support channels.